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Descriptions
Navkar Metal Syndicate is a trusted manufacturer, exporter, and supplier of Stainless Steel Nuts, Bolts, Screws, Washers, and Fasteners engineered for high-performance, corrosion-resistant applications. Designed for durability and precision, our SS fasteners are available in grades 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 410, 420, 430, and Duplex S31803 / 2205, conforming to international standards such as ASTM A193, A194, A320, A276, DIN, ISO, and BS.
Manufactured using premium stainless steel and advanced forging & machining processes, our nuts and bolts provide exceptional mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and temperature stability. Each fastener is produced with tight dimensional tolerances, making them ideal for use in marine, chemical, petrochemical, construction, food processing, power generation, and offshore industries.
Product Range: Hex Bolts, Hex Nuts, Stud Bolts, Socket Head Cap Screws, Machine Screws, Washers, Threaded Rods, Eye Bolts, Wing Nuts, Dome Nuts, and Flange Fasteners – all available in Metric (MM) and Unified (Inch) threads.
All fasteners are supplied with complete Mill Test Certificates (MTCs) as per EN 10204 3.1 and meet global quality norms. Navkar Metal Syndicate also offers custom sizes, surface finishes (passivated, electro-polished, coated), and packaging for export and project applications.
From precision machine bolts to high-tensile structural fasteners – we deliver strength you can trust, performance you can rely on, and quality that lasts.
Chemical Composition
Chemical Composition (Typical Limits, wt.%)
Values are typical specification ranges (bar/wire/fastener stock). “–” = not intentionally added / per spec max of common impurities.
| Grade | C (max) | Mn (max) | Si (max) | P (max) | S (max) | Cr | Ni | Mo | N (max) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J7 | 0.10 | 8.5–10.0 | 0.75 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 15.0–16.0 | 0.25–0.50 | – | – | 200-series, low Ni |
| J4 | 0.10 | 8.5–10.0 | 0.75 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 15.0–16.0 | 0.80–1.20 | – | – | 200-series, low Ni |
| 201 | 0.15 | 5.5–7.5 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | 3.5–5.5 | – | ≤0.25 | 200-series |
| 202 | 0.15 | 7.5–10.0 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 4.0–6.0 | – | ≤0.25 | 200-series |
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | 6.0–8.0 | – | – | High work-hardening |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 8.0–10.0 | – | – | Similar to 304 |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–11.0 | – | – | B8 fastener base |
| 304L | 0.035 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–13.0 | – | – | Low C for welds |
| 304H | 0.04–0.10 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–11.0 | – | – | High-temp |
| 305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 10.5–13.0 | – | – | Cold-forming |
| 308 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 19.0–21.0 | 10.0–12.0 | – | – | Welding filler family |
| 309 | 0.20 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | – | – | Heat-resistant |
| 309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | – | – | Low C version |
| 310 | 0.25 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | – | – | High-temp |
| 310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | – | – | Low C version |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | 11.0–14.0 | 2.0–3.0 | – | B8M fastener base |
| 316L | 0.035 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 2.0–3.0 | – | Low C |
| 316H | 0.04–0.10 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | 11.0–14.0 | 2.0–3.0 | – | High-temp |
| 316Ti | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | 2.0–2.5 | – | Stabilized (Ti) |
| 317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0–20.0 | 11.0–14.0 | 3.0–4.0 | – | High Mo |
| 317L | 0.035 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0–20.0 | 11.0–15.0 | 3.0–4.0 | – | Low C |
| 321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–13.0 | – | – | Stabilized (Ti ≥5×C) |
| 321H | 0.04–0.10 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–13.0 | – | – | High-temp |
| 347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–13.0 | – | – | Stabilized (Nb/Ta) |
| 347H | 0.04–0.10 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–13.0 | – | – | High-temp |
| 409L | 0.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 10.5–11.7 | ≤0.5 | – | – | Stabilized (Ti) |
| 410 | 0.15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 11.5–13.5 | ≤0.75 | – | – | Martensitic |
| 410S | 0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 11.5–13.5 | ≤0.60 | – | – | Ferritic |
| 420 | 0.15 min | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 12.0–14.0 | ≤1.00 | 0.2–1.2 | – | Martensitic, hardenable |
| 429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 14.0–16.0 | * | – | – | Ferritic |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 16.0–18.0 | ≤0.75 | – | – | Ferritic |
| 430Ti | 0.12 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 16.0–18.0 | – | – | – | Stabilized (Ti ~0.75) |
| 439 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 17.0–19.0 | ≤0.5 | – | ≤0.03 | Ti stabilized |
| 441 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 17.5–19.5 | ≤1.0 | 1.75–2.50 | – | Ferritic, Mo-bearing |
| 444 | 0.025 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 17.5–19.5 | ≤1.0 | 1.75–2.50 | – | Ferritic, Ti+Nb |
| S31803 (2205) | 0.03 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 21.0–23.0 | 4.5–6.5 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | Duplex |
Mechanical, Physical & Fabrication Properties
The mechanical, physical, and fabrication properties of stainless steel fasteners vary depending on their chemical composition and metallurgical structure. The following table summarizes the typical values for major stainless steel grades ranging from J7, J4, 201, 202 (200 series) to 304, 316, 321, 347 (300 series), ferritic and martensitic grades like 409L, 410, 420, 430, and duplex grade S31803 (2205). These properties determine their suitability for structural, high-temperature, marine, and chemical applications.
| Grade | Family / Type | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness | Density (g/cm³) | Melting Range (°C) | Fabrication Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J7 / J4 | Austenitic (200 Series) | 520–650 | 210–260 | 35–45 | ≤ RB 95 | 7.7 | 1400–1450 | Excellent cold formability, weldable, used for decorative fasteners. |
| 201 / 202 | Austenitic (200 Series) | 520–680 | 230–275 | 35–45 | ≤ RB 95 | 7.7 | 1400–1450 | Good strength and work-hardening rate; suited for non-severe corrosion service. |
| 301 | Austenitic | 620–930* | 275–690* | 40 | ≤ RB 95 | 7.9 | 1400–1455 | High work-hardening rate; excellent for springs and formed fasteners. |
| 304 / 304L / 304H | Austenitic | 515–650 | 205–240 | 40 | ≤ RB 95 | 8.0 | 1400–1450 | Excellent corrosion resistance and weldability; standard SS fastener grade. |
| 316 / 316L / 316H / 316Ti | Austenitic (Mo-bearing) | 515–650 | 205–240 | 35–40 | ≤ RB 95 | 8.0 | 1370–1400 | Superior pitting & crevice corrosion resistance; marine & chemical plants. |
| 321 / 347 / 347H | Austenitic (Stabilized) | 515–650 | 205–240 | 35–40 | ≤ RB 95 | 7.9 | 1390–1450 | Stabilized with Ti/Nb for high-temp and weld stress resistance. |
| 309 / 310 / 310S | Austenitic (Heat Resistant) | 540–690 | 205–260 | 35–40 | ≤ RB 95 | 7.9 | 1390–1455 | Excellent oxidation resistance up to 1100°C; furnace bolts, flanges. |
| 317 / 317L | Austenitic (High Mo) | 515–690 | 205–260 | 35–40 | ≤ RB 95 | 8.0 | 1370–1400 | Enhanced resistance to acids and chlorides; process plant use. |
| 409L | Ferritic | 380–450 | 170–240 | 25 | ≤ HB 170 | 7.7 | 1480–1530 | Automotive exhausts; excellent weldability & oxidation resistance. |
| 410 / 410S | Martensitic / Ferritic | 450–700 | 275–450 | 15–25 | HRC ≤ 35 | 7.7 | 1480–1530 | High strength and wear resistance; suitable for hardened bolts. |
| 420 | Martensitic | 700–1000+ | 450–800 | 10–20 | HRC 45–50 | 7.7 | 1480–1530 | High hardness; used in tooling, dies, and wear-resistant fasteners. |
| 430 / 430Ti | Ferritic | 450–600 | 205–300 | 25–30 | ≤ HB 200 | 7.7 | 1425–1510 | Economical; good oxidation resistance and machinability. |
| 439 / 441 / 444 | Ferritic (Stabilized) | 450–600 | 240–350 | 25–30 | ≤ HB 200–220 | 7.7 | 1420–1490 | High resistance to stress corrosion cracking; automotive and structural use. |
| S31803 (2205) | Duplex (Austenitic–Ferritic) | 620–800 | ≥450 | 25–30 | ≤ HB 270 | 7.8 | 1350–1450 | High strength and chloride resistance; offshore and pressure systems. |
Fabrication Highlights
- Machinability: Austenitic grades (304, 316) are less machinable but improve with sulfur additions (e.g., 303). Ferritic and martensitic types offer better cutting performance.
- Weldability: Excellent in austenitic and duplex grades; ferritic/martensitic types require pre/post heat treatment.
- Formability: 200 & 300 series show superior cold forming ability—ideal for hex heads, threads, and washers.
- Heat Treatment: Only martensitic (410, 420) and PH grades can be hardened by heat treatment; austenitic grades harden by cold working.
- Surface Finishes: Passivated, electro-polished, zinc or PTFE coated finishes available for corrosion protection and aesthetic appeal.
Applications
Stainless Steel Nuts, Bolts, Screws, and Fasteners are integral components across numerous industries for structural integrity, corrosion resistance, and durability. Depending on the grade, they serve specific environmental and mechanical requirements. Below is an overview of typical grade-wise and industry-wise applications.
Industry-wise Applications
Industrial & Engineering
- Machinery assembly bolts, flange joints, and coupling fasteners
- Heat exchangers, pumps, compressors
- Structural supports and pipe fittings
- Pressure vessels and boilers
- Valves, gaskets, and manifold joints
Marine & Offshore
- Deck fittings, propeller assemblies, hull and rig fasteners
- Shipbuilding, desalination plants, and marine pipelines
- 316 / 316L / 317L / Duplex S31803 preferred for saltwater service
Construction & Infrastructure
- Architectural facades, glass fittings, curtain walls
- Bridge structures, handrails, and anchoring systems
- Fasteners for stainless architectural elements (304 / 316)
Chemical & Petrochemical
- Refinery towers, reaction vessels, and storage tanks
- 316Ti / 317L / 904L used for acid and chloride resistance
- Gasket joints, flange bolts, and stud bolts in process equipment
Power & Energy
- Heat-resistant fasteners in furnaces (309 / 310 / 321 / 347)
- Steam turbines and pressure fittings
- Renewable and thermal power plant assemblies
Grade-wise Applications
200 Series (J7, J4, 201, 202)
- Interior fittings, furniture, and decorative bolts
- Low-cost fastening solutions for mild environments
- Appliances, conveyors, and non-critical assemblies
300 Series (301–305)
- Springs, clips, screws & washers with high formability
- Automotive trims and light structural components
- 304 is the universal fastener grade for general use
300 Series – Molybdenum Grades (316, 316L, 316Ti, 317L)
- Marine, food processing, and chemical plants
- Pharmaceutical & hygienic process piping systems
- High corrosion resistance against chlorides & acids
High-Temperature Grades (309, 309S, 310, 310S, 321, 347)
- Furnace, boiler, and incinerator fasteners
- Heat treatment fixtures and oxidation environments
- Stable structure up to 1100°C
400 Series (409L, 410, 410S, 420, 429, 430, 430Ti, 439, 441, 444)
- Automotive exhaust clamps & manifold bolts
- Appliance hardware, heat shields, and support brackets
- 410 / 420 used for hardened, wear-resistant fasteners
Duplex Stainless Steel (S31803 / 2205)
- Oil & gas, desalination, and subsea structures
- Pressure vessels, chemical reactors, and marine bolts
- Superior strength and SCC resistance in chloride service
Specialized Uses
- Food & Beverage Industry: Sanitary fittings, hygienic bolts (316L / 321)
- Automotive: Engine, exhaust, chassis and suspension bolts (409L / 410 / 430)
- Aerospace: Lightweight, high-temp fasteners (321 / 347 / 17-4PH)
- Renewable Energy: Wind turbine foundations, solar mounting bolts (316Ti / Duplex)
- General Hardware: Furniture, railings, and OEM assemblies (304 / J4)
Standards & International Equivalents:
Coverage includes grades J7, J4, 201, 202, 301, 302, 304/304L/304H, 305, 308, 309/309S, 310/310S, 316/316L/316H/316Ti, 317/317L, 321/321H, 347/347H, 409L, 410/410S, 420, 429, 430/430Ti, 439, 441, 444, and S31803 (Duplex 2205). Use these references for procurement, dimensional control, mechanical classes, and corrosion/performance designation.
Quick Standards Matrix (What to use & when)
Material & Mechanical (ASTM/ASME)
- ASTM A193 – Alloy & austenitic stainless steel bolts/studs (e.g., B8=304, B8M=316, B8T=321, B8C=347; Class 1/2 for annealed/strain-hardened)
- ASTM A194 – Nuts (e.g., Grade 8=304, 8M=316; high-temp/pressure service)
- ASTM A320 – Low-temperature service bolting (e.g., L7 carbon/alloy; stainless B8, B8M variants)
- ASTM F593 – Stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, studs (multiple alloys incl. 304/316; property classes)
- ASTM F594 – Stainless steel nuts (matching F593 groups)
- ASTM A276 – Stainless steel bars & shapes (raw material for machined fasteners)
- ASTM A182 – Forged/rolled stainless flanges/parts (often used for forged fastener blanks)
- ASME B1.1 / B1.13M – Unified / Metric screw threads
- ASME B18 series – Dimensional standards (hex bolts/nuts, socket head, washers, etc.)
International (ISO / EN / DIN / JIS / IS)
- ISO 3506-1/2/3/4/5/6 – Stainless fasteners: material grades, property classes, nuts, screws, washers, special forms
A1–A5 (austenitic), C1–C4 (martensitic), F1–F4 (ferritic), D1–D2 (duplex) - ISO 4014 / 4017 – Hex bolts / Hex screws; ISO 4032 – Hex nuts
- ISO 4762 – Hex socket head cap screws; ISO 10642 – Countersunk socket screws; ISO 7380 – Button head
- ISO 7089 / 7090 – Plain washers; ISO 7091 / 7092 – Narrow/large series
- EN ISO adoptions of the above (e.g., EN ISO 3506, 4014, 4017, 4032, 4762, 10642)
- DIN legacy (still widely referenced): DIN 931/933 (hex bolts), DIN 934 (hex nuts), DIN 912 (socket cap), DIN 7991 (CSK), DIN 985 (nyloc), DIN 125/127 (washers)
- JIS: B1180 (hex bolts), B1181 (socket screws), B1186 (hex nuts), B1256 (washers)
- Indian Standards (IS): IS 1367 (Mech. properties), IS 1364 (Hex bolts/screws/nuts), IS 3757 (structural bolts), IS 6623 (nuts), IS 6649 (washers)
ISO 3506 Material Designations ↔ Common Alloy Equivalents (Guidance)
| ISO 3506 Group | Typical UNS / AISI / Trade | Navkar Grades Covered | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 (Free-machining austenitic) | ~303 (UNS S30300) | Closest to 303 variants (not explicitly listed) | High machinability, non-weld critical fasteners |
| A2 (Austenitic general purpose) | ~304/304L (UNS S30400/S30403) | 301, 302, 304, 304L, 304H, 305, 308 | General atmospheric/corrosion applications |
| A4 (Austenitic with Mo) | ~316/316L/316Ti (UNS S31600/S31603/S31635) | 316, 316L, 316H, 316Ti, 317, 317L | Chloride-bearing, marine, chemical duty |
| C (C1–C4) (Martensitic) | ~410/420 (UNS S41000/S42000) | 410, 410S, 420 | Hardenable, wear/heat resistance |
| F (F1–F4) (Ferritic) | ~430/439/441/444 (UNS S43000 etc.) | 409L, 429, 430, 430Ti, 439, 441, 444 | Automotive, appliance, moderate corrosion |
| D (D1–D2) (Duplex) | ~S31803/S32205 (2205) | S31803 (Duplex 2205) | High strength, SCC resistance in chlorides |
| (200 Series) (maps to A2 family*) | 201/202 (Mn/Ni adjusted austenitics) | J7, J4, 201, 202 | Interior/general service; confirm corrosion vs 304/316 |
*200-series (J7/J4/201/202) are often treated commercially as “A2-alternatives”; verify corrosion performance vs 304/316 for critical service.
ASTM Fastener Cross-Reference (Common Austenitic/Heat-Resistant)
| Alloy/Grade | Typical UNS | ASTM Bolt/Stud (A193) | ASTM Nut (A194) | Other Relevant ASTM | Typical Grades in This Project |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 / 304L | S30400 / S30403 | B8 (Cls 1/2) | Gr 8 | F593 Group 1/2; F594 Group 1/2; A276 bars | 301, 302, 304/304L/304H, 305, 308 |
| 316 / 316L / 316Ti | S31600 / S31603 / S31635 | B8M (Cls 1/2) | Gr 8M | F593 Group 2; F594 Group 2; A276 bars | 316, 316L, 316H, 316Ti, 317, 317L |
| 321 (Ti stabilized) | S32100 | B8T | Gr 8 (match chemistry) | F593/F594 (assigned group); A276 | 321, 321H |
| 347 (Nb stabilized) | S34700 | B8C | Gr 8 (match chemistry) | F593/F594 (assigned group); A276 | 347, 347H |
| 309 / 310 (heat resistant) | S30908 / S31008 | (Project-specific via F593 group) | F594 matching group | F593/F594; A276; A182 for forgings | 309/309S, 310/310S |
| Ferritic (e.g., 430/441/444) | S43000 / S44100 / S44400 | F593 ferritic groups | F594 ferritic groups | ISO 3506 F groups; A276 bars | 430/430Ti, 439, 441, 444 |
| Martensitic (410/420) | S41000 / S42000 | F593 martensitic groups | F594 martensitic groups | ISO 3506 C groups; A276 bars | 410, 410S, 420 |
| Duplex 2205 | S31803 / S32205 | Covered via F593 duplex groups | F594 duplex groups | ISO 3506 D groups; A276; A182-F51/F60 forgings | S31803 |
| 200 Series (201/202/J7/J4) | Various | F593 austenitic groups (supplier declared) | F594 matching groups | ISO 3506 A groups (manufacturer classification) | J7, J4, 201, 202 |
Dimensional & Product Standards (Selection Guide)
- Hex Bolts/Screws: ISO 4014 / 4017, EN ISO 4014/4017, DIN 931/933, ASME B18.2.1
- Hex Nuts: ISO 4032, EN ISO 4032, DIN 934, ASME B18.2.2
- Nyloc Nuts: DIN 985, ISO 7040/7041
- Socket Cap: ISO 4762, EN ISO 4762, DIN 912, ASME B18.3
- CSK Socket: ISO 10642, DIN 7991
- Button Head: ISO 7380
- Washers: ISO 7089/7090/7091/7092, DIN 125/127, ASME B18.22.1
- Thread: ISO 68/261/262/965 (metric), ASME B1.1 (UNC/UNF), ASME B1.13M (metric)
- General: ISO 8992 (fastener product grade & tolerances)
Notes & Buyer Tips
- Traceability: For critical service (marine/chemical), specify MTC per EN 10204 3.1/3.2.
- Property Class: Under ISO 3506 or ASTM F593/F594, call out required property class (e.g., A2-70, A4-80).
- Duplex: For S31803, specify ISO 3506 “D” group or ASTM F593 duplex groups with pitting resistance targets.
- 200-Series: When substituting 201/202/J4/J7 for 304, confirm chloride service suitability and mechanical class.
Common Names & International Identifiers
Stainless Steel Fasteners — including Nuts, Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Washers — are globally identified through various naming systems like AISI, UNS, WNR (Werkstoffnummer), EN, JIS, and trade names. Below is a consolidated reference of the most recognized identifiers for grades used in Navkar Metal Syndicate’s product range — from economical 200-series to heat-resistant, ferritic, martensitic, and duplex stainless steels.
| Grade / Alloy | AISI / Common Name | UNS Number | WNR / EN Number | JIS Equivalent | Trade / Alternate Names | Typical Fastener Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J7 / J4 | – (Indian Development) | – | – | SUS J4 (India) | Jindal J4 / J7 | Low-cost austenitic fasteners, architectural fittings |
| 201 | AISI 201 | S20100 | 1.4372 | SUS 201 | Nickel-saving austenitic | Bolts & screws for furniture, railings, appliances |
| 202 | AISI 202 | S20200 | 1.4373 | SUS 202 | Cr-Mn Austenitic | Low-cost replacement for 304 in indoor environments |
| 301 | AISI 301 | S30100 | 1.4310 | SUS 301 | Spring Stainless | Spring washers, clips, retaining rings |
| 302 | AISI 302 | S30200 | 1.4319 | SUS 302 | Chromium-Nickel Steel | General-purpose bolts, nuts, studs |
| 304 / 304L / 304H | AISI 304 / 304L / 304H | S30400 / S30403 / S30409 | 1.4301 / 1.4306 / 1.4948 | SUS 304 / 304L / 304H | 18/8 Stainless, B8 Bolting Alloy | Standard SS fasteners, structural bolts, nuts, washers |
| 305 / 308 | AISI 305 / 308 | S30500 / S30800 | 1.4303 / 1.4828 | SUS 305 / SUS 308 | Non-hardening, Weld wire grade | Welding rods, automotive fastening, fabrication screws |
| 309 / 309S | AISI 309 / 309S | S30900 / S30908 | 1.4828 / 1.4833 | SUS 309 / 309S | Heat-resistant stainless | High-temperature fasteners & furnace bolts |
| 310 / 310S | AISI 310 / 310S | S31000 / S31008 | 1.4841 / 1.4845 | SUS 310 / 310S | Heat-resistant alloy | Bolts for kilns, boilers & thermal equipment |
| 316 / 316L / 316H / 316Ti | AISI 316 / 316L / 316H / 316Ti | S31600 / S31603 / S31609 / S31635 | 1.4401 / 1.4404 / 1.4919 / 1.4571 | SUS 316 / 316L / 316Ti | Marine Grade, B8M Bolting Alloy | Marine, chemical, and food industry fasteners |
| 317 / 317L | AISI 317 / 317L | S31700 / S31703 | 1.4449 / 1.4438 | SUS 317 / 317L | High Molybdenum SS | Corrosion-resistant bolts for chemical plants |
| 321 / 321H | AISI 321 / 321H | S32100 / S32109 | 1.4541 / 1.4878 | SUS 321 / 321H | Stabilized with Ti | Heat-resistant fasteners, exhaust manifolds |
| 347 / 347H | AISI 347 / 347H | S34700 / S34709 | 1.4550 / 1.4961 | SUS 347 / 347H | Nb-Stabilized Alloy | High-temperature flanged bolts & turbine studs |
| 409L | AISI 409L | S40903 | 1.4512 | SUS 409L | Ti-stabilized Ferritic | Automotive exhaust & muffler fasteners |
| 410 / 410S | AISI 410 / 410S | S41000 / S41008 | 1.4006 / 1.4000 | SUS 410 / 410S | Martensitic SS | Hardened bolts, turbine blades, wear-resistant fasteners |
| 420 | AISI 420 | S42000 | 1.4021 | SUS 420 | Cutlery Grade Martensitic | High-hardness bolts & precision components |
| 429 / 430 / 430Ti | AISI 429 / 430 | S42900 / S43000 | 1.4510 / 1.4016 | SUS 430 | Ferritic SS | Decorative & appliance screws, automotive trims |
| 439 / 441 / 444 | AISI 439 / 441 / 444 | S43035 / S43940 / S44400 | 1.4510 / 1.4509 / 1.4521 | SUS 444 | Stabilized Ferritic | Exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and flanges |
| S31803 (2205) | AISI 2205 | S31803 / S32205 | 1.4462 | SUS 31803 | Duplex Stainless Steel | High-strength marine & offshore fasteners |
Additional Notes
- UNS: Unified Numbering System (USA-based designation for alloy composition consistency)
- WNR: Werkstoffnummer — European material number used in EN/DIN standards
- JIS: Japanese Industrial Standard (common in Asian manufacturing)
- AISI: American Iron & Steel Institute (common trade designation)
- Trade Names: Commonly used brand identifiers (e.g., Jindal J4, Outokumpu 316L, Carpenter 321)
Common Product Forms & Dimensions
304 Stainless Steel Hex Bolt Dimensions (Metric)
Standard: ASTM A193 (dimensions in mm). Columns renamed for clarity: Head Thickness = H, Across Flats = F, Across Corners = C.
| NOMINAL SIZE (D) | BODY DIAMETER | HEAD THICKNESS (H) | ACROSS THE FLATS (F) | ACROSS CORNERS (C) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D (MAX) | D (MIN) | H (MAX) | H (MIN) | F (MAX) | F (MIN) | C (MAX) | C (MIN) | |
| m10 | 10.00 | 9.78 | 6.63 | 6.17 | 17.00 | 15.73 | 18.48 | 17.77 |
| m12 | 12.00 | 11.73 | 7.76 | 4.24 | 19.00 | 17.73 | 20.78 | 20.03 |
| m14 | 14.00 | 13.73 | 9.09 | 8.51 | 22.00 | 20.67 | 24.25 | 23.35 |
| m16 | 16.00 | 15.73 | 10.32 | 9.68 | 24.00 | 23.67 | 27.71 | 26.75 |
| m20 | 20.00 | 19.67 | 12.88 | 12.12 | 30.00 | 29.16 | 34.64 | 32.95 |
| m24 | 24.00 | 23.67 | 15.44 | 14.56 | 36.00 | 35.00 | 41.57 | 39.55 |
| m30 | 30.00 | 29.67 | 19.48 | 17.92 | 46.00 | 45.00 | 53.12 | 50.85 |
| m36 | 36.00 | 35.61 | 23.38 | 21.63 | 55.00 | 53.80 | 63.51 | 60.79 |
| m42 | 42.00 | 41.38 | 26.97 | 25.03 | 65.00 | 62.90 | 75.06 | 71.71 |
| m48 | 48.00 | 47.38 | 31.07 | 28.93 | 75.00 | 72.60 | 86.60 | 82.76 |
| m56 | 56.00 | 55.26 | 36.20 | 33.80 | 85.00 | 82.20 | 98.15 | 93.71 |
| m64 | 64.00 | 63.26 | 41.32 | 38.68 | 95.00 | 91.80 | 109.70 | 104.65 |
| m72 | 72.00 | 71.26 | 46.45 | 43.55 | 105.00 | 101.40 | 121.24 | 115.60 |
| m80 | 80.00 | 79.26 | 51.58 | 48.42 | 115.00 | 111.00 | 132.72 | 126.54 |
| m90 | 90.00 | 89.13 | 57.74 | 54.26 | 130.00 | 125.50 | 150.11 | 143.07 |
| m100 | 100.00 | 99.13 | 63.90 | 60.10 | 145.00 | 140.00 | 167.43 | 159.60 |
304 Stainless Steel Nut Dimensions (Imperial)
Nominal Size = Basic Major Thread Diameter; F = Width Across Flats, G = Width Across Corners, H = Thickness.
| Nominal Size (in) | Basic | F — Width Across Flats | G — Width Across Corners | H — Thickness | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max | Min | Max | Min | Basic | Max | Min | ||
| 1/4 | .2500 | .500 | .488 | .577 | .556 | 15/64 | .250 | .218 |
| 5/16 | .3125 | .562 | .546 | .650 | .622 | 19/64 | .314 | .280 |
| 3/8 | .3750 | .688 | .669 | .794 | .763 | 23/64 | .377 | .341 |
| 7/16 | .4375 | .750 | .728 | .866 | .830 | 27/64 | .441 | .403 |
| 1/2 | .5000 | .875 | .850 | 1.010 | .969 | 31/64 | .504 | .464 |
| 9/16 | .5625 | .938 | .909 | 1.083 | 1.037 | 35/64 | .568 | .526 |
| 5/8 | .6250 | 1-1/16 | 1.031 | 1.227 | 1.175 | 39/64 | .631 | .587 |
| 3/4 | .7500 | 1-1/4 | 1.212 | 1.443 | 1.382 | 47/64 | .758 | .710 |
| 7/8 | .8750 | 1-7/16 | 1.394 | 1.660 | 1.589 | 55/64 | .885 | .833 |
| 1 | 1.0000 | 1-5/8 | 1.575 | 1.876 | 1.796 | 63/64 | 1.012 | .956 |
| 1-1/8 | 1.1250 | 1-13/16 | 1.756 | 2.093 | 2.002 | 1-7/64 | 1.139 | 1.079 |
| 1-1/4 | 1.2500 | 2 | 1.938 | 2.309 | 2.209 | 1-7/32 | 1.251 | 1.187 |
| 1-3/8 | 1.3750 | 2-3/16 | 2.119 | 2.526 | 2.416 | 1-11/32 | 1.378 | 1.460 |
| 1-1/2 | 1.5000 | 2-3/8 | 2.300 | 2.742 | 2.622 | 1-15/32 | 1.505 | 1.433 |
| 1-5/8 | 1.6250 | 2-9/16 | 2.481 | 2.959 | 2.828 | 1-19/32 | 1.632 | 1.556 |
| 1-3/4 | 1.7500 | 2-3/4 | 2.662 | 3.175 | 3.035 | 1-23/32 | 1.759 | 1.679 |
| 2 | 2.0000 | 3-1/8 | 3.025 | 3.608 | 3.449 | 1-31/32 | 2.013 | 1.925 |
| 2-1/4 | 2.2500 | 3-1/2 | 3.388 | 4.041 | 3.862 | 2-13/64 | 2.251 | 2.155 |
| 2-1/2 | 2.5000 | 3-7/8 | 3.750 | 4.474 | 4.275 | 2-29/64 | 2.505 | 2.401 |
| 2-3/4 | 2.7500 | 4-1/4 | 4.112 | 4.907 | 4.688 | 2-45/64 | 2.759 | 2.647 |
| 3 | 3.0000 | 4-5/8 | 4.475 | 5.340 | 5.102 | 2-61/64 | 3.013 | 2.893 |
| 3-1/4 | 3.2500 | 5 | 4.838 | 5.774 | 5.515 | 3-3/16 | 3.252 | 3.124 |
| 3-1/2 | 3.5000 | 5-3/8 | 5.200 | 6.207 | 5.928 | 3-7/16 | 3.506 | 3.370 |
| 3-3/4 | 3.7500 | 5-3/4 | 5.562 | 6.640 | 6.341 | 3-11/16 | 3.670 | 3.616 |
| 4 | 4.0000 | 6-1/8 | 5.925 | 7.073 | 6.755 | 3-15/16 | 4.014 | 3.862 |
AISI 304 Stainless Steel — Nut Size (Metric)
| Nut Size (mm) | Diameter* (mm) | Height (mm) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hex Nut | Jam Nut | Nylock Nut | ||
| 2 | 4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | – |
| 2.5 | 5 | 2 | 1.6 | – |
| 3 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 4 |
| 4 | 7 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 5 |
| 5 | 8 | 4 | 2.7 | 5 |
| 6 | 10 | 5 | 3.2 | 6 |
| 7 | 11 | 5.5 | 3.5 | – |
| 8 | 13 | 6.5 | 4 | 8 |
| 10 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 10 |
| 12 | 19 | 10 | 6 | 12 |
| 14 | 22 | 11 | 7 | 14 |
| 16 | 24 | 13 | 8 | 16 |
| 18 | 27 | 15 | 9 | 18.5 |
| 20 | 30 | 16 | 10 | 20 |
UNS S30400 Bolt Torque Chart — Inch-Pounds
| Bolt Size (Inches or #) | Threads Per Inch | Standard Dry Torque (in-lb) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 304 SS | 316 SS | ||
| #2 | 56 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| 64 | 3.0 | 3.2 | |
| #3 | 48 | 3.9 | 4.0 |
| 56 | 4.4 | 4.6 | |
| #4 | 40 | 5.2 | 5.5 |
| 48 | 6.6 | 6.9 | |
| #5 | 40 | 7.7 | 8.1 |
| 44 | 9.4 | 9.8 | |
| #6 | 32 | 9.6 | 10.1 |
| 40 | 12.1 | 12.7 | |
| #8 | 32 | 19.8 | 20.7 |
| 36 | 22.0 | 23.0 | |
| #10 | 24 | 22.8 | 23.8 |
| 32 | 31.7 | 33.1 | |
| Bolt Size (Inches) | Threads Per Inch | Standard Dry Torque (in-lb) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 304 SS | 316 SS | ||
| 1/4 | 20 | 75.2 | 78.8 |
| 28 | 94.0 | 99.0 | |
| 5/16 | 18 | 132 | 138 |
| 24 | 142 | 147 | |
| 3/8 | 16 | 236 | 247 |
| 24 | 259 | 271 | |
| 7/16 | 14 | 376 | 393 |
| 20 | 400 | 418 | |
| 1/2 | 13 | 517 | 542 |
| 20 | 541 | 565 | |
UNS S30400 Bolt Torque Chart — Foot-Pounds
| Bolt Size (Inches) | Threads Per Inch | Standard Dry Torque (ft-lb) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 304 SS | 316 SS | ||
| 1 1/8 | 7 | 413 | 432 |
| 12 | 390 | 408 | |
| 1 1/4 | 7 | 523 | 546 |
| 12 | 480 | 504 | |
| 1 1/2 | 6 | 888 | 930 |
| 12 | 703 | 732 | |
304 Stainless Steel Threaded Rod — Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stainless Steel 304 | - 0.08 | - 2.0 | - 0.75 | - 0.045 | - 0.030 | 18.0 – 20.0 | - | 8.0 – 10.5 | - 0.10 |
Mechanical Analysis — SS 304 Hex Bolts
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) min | Yield Strength 0.2% (MPa) min | Elongation (% in 50mm) min | Hardness Rockwell B (HRB) max | Brinell (HB) max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stainless Steel 304 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 92 | 201 |
304 Stainless Steel Studs — Equivalent Materials
| AISI Grade | JIS Equivalent | Stainless Steel Notation | EN/DIN Numerical | UNS Designation | EN/DIN Symbolic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI 304 | SUS304 | SS 304 | EN 1.4301 | UNS S30400 | X4CrNi18-10 |
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